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Stephen Astorga is grateful to all of the people who helped find and care for baby Saul after the heartbreaking events of January 7. The Astorga family are fully cooperating with the police, the courts, and CYFD. Stephen and his family are over the moon that baby Saul is now a part of their family. He is a happy, healthy, and handsome baby.

Babies are more likely to have a weak LES. This makes the LES relax when it should stay shut. As food or milk is digesting, the LES opens. It lets the stomach contents go back up to the esophagus. Sometimes the stomach contents go all the way up the esophagus. Then the baby or child vomits. In other cases, the stomach contents only go part of the way up the esophagus. This causes heartburn or breathing problems. In some cases there are no symptoms at all.

Tube feedings. In some cases tube feedings may be recommended. Some babies with reflux have other conditions that make them tired. These include congenital heart disease or being born too early (premature). These babies often get sleepy after they eat or drink a little. Other babies vomit after having a normal amount of formula. These babies do better if they are constantly fed a small amount of milk. In both of these cases, tube feedings may be suggested. Formula or breastmilk is given through a tube that is placed in the nose. This is called a nasogastric tube. The tube is then put through the food pipe or esophagus, and into the stomach. Your baby can have a tube feeding in addition to a bottle feeding. Or a tube feeding may be done instead of a bottle feeding. There are also tubes that can be used to go around, or bypass, the stomach. These are called nasoduodenal tubes.

Often, parents notice uneven postures or head shape changes in their baby after birth. It is vital to get an evaluation by a physical therapist as soon as you notice any signs of torticollis.

Newborns should receive an evaluation by a pediatric physical therapist at or shortly after birth to screen for torticollis. The sooner a baby sees a physical therapist for head and neck problems, the sooner they can address them and prevent a loss, or further loss, of muscle length. Early physical therapy for torticollis is more effective and takes less time than when treatment is delayed.

If an uneven neck posture is present, an ultrasound of both sides of the neck may be performed and may confirm a difference in muscle thickening and muscle texture changes as a possible cause for the torticollis. This safe, low-cost tool can help verify the amount of involvement of the tight muscle and help determine how often and how long a baby should see a physical therapist for treatment. Ultrasound also helps in monitoring your baby's progress throughout treatment.

Physical therapy is the recommended treatment for torticollis. Before birth, physical therapists work with expectant parents on prevention of torticollis in their newborn. After birth, they screen newborns for muscle, bone, joint, and movement problems and provide needed treatment. Physical therapists use play to engage infants in activities and hands-on therapy to improve neck posture in a gentle, fun way. They understand how a baby communicates their tolerance for treatment and adjust treatment as needed. They also work with caregivers to create an environment that promotes development. As movement and developmental experts, pediatric physical therapists have the education, expertise, and experience necessary to screen, evaluate and diagnose postural asymmetries and should do so from birth.

Passive range-of-motion exercises. Your physical therapist will perform passive neck movements and stretches with your baby. They will gently move your baby's neck toward its full range of motion. They also will teach parents and caregivers how to do these exercises for their baby at home.

Some cases of torticollis and flat spots on the skull occur from birth and cannot be prevented but can be treated after birth. Caregiver awareness about proper positioning of newborns can help ensure babies spend enough time on their tummy during waking hours and do not spend too much time in one position on their backs, in containers, or in baby seats. This gives newborns the best environment for their head and neck to develop normally.

Getting a referral to see, or going directly to, a physical therapist immediately after noticing a baby has an uneven posture or flat head can help prevent secondary issues. Families and caregivers should seek early screening for torticollis or a flat spot on the baby's skull. The sooner a baby is evaluated, the sooner other issues can be prevented and correction of range of motion or flattening of the skull can occur. The following tips can help you ensure your baby has a healthy environment in which to grow and develop:

All babies are born with this opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. But it often closes on its own shortly after birth, once the baby breathes on its own. If it stays open (patent), it is called patent ductus arteriosus. With PDA, extra blood flows to the lungs. If the PDA is large, too much blood goes to the lungs. The blood vessels and the lungs have to work much harder to handle the extra blood. This can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs. The baby can have a harder time breathing and feeding.

The size of the opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery will affect symptoms. If your baby has a small opening, he or she may not have symptoms. If your baby has a larger opening, he or she may have symptoms. These are the most common symptoms of PDA:

Some babies may need medicine to help the heart and lungs work better. Sometimes a baby may need medicine such as diuretics (water pills). Diuretics help the kidneys remove extra fluid from the body. This may be needed when the heart is not working well. Or it may be needed if the blood vessels in the lungs have to make room for more blood flow, as with a PDA.

High-calorie supplements. Special nutritional supplements may be added to formula or pumped breastmilk to increase the number of calories. Your baby can drink less and still have enough calories to grow correctly.

For this test, your baby will be given medicine to relax (sedation). The healthcare provider will put a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into a blood vessel in the groin. He or she will guide it through the large blood vessel in the groin to the area of the PDA. The catheter will be placed in the PDA. Dye may be injected at this time to help the provider put the catheter in the right place. A coil or closure device which is attached to the catheter will then be placed in the PDA. This will stop blood from flowing through the PDA. Once the coil or device is in the correct position, it will be released from the catheter. Then the catheter will be removed Typically this method is used if a child:

If your baby is discharged home before having a repair procedure, you will be shown how to feed and give medicine to your baby. You will also be taught what symptoms to report to your child's healthcare provider. 2b1af7f3a8