Molecular Operating Environment Software 16
LINK ===> https://tinurll.com/2tdA5s
Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB), is a member of the protein tyrosine kinase family of enzymes. Akt signaling cascades are important in governing fundamental cell processes such as proliferation, growth, metabolism, survival, motility, angiogenesis and apoptosis. There are three mammalian Akt isoforms, Akt-1, Akt-2 and Akt-3. Akt-1 is found to be ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, whilst Akt-2 is expressed in a tissue- and species-specific manner (Brunet et al 1991; Footon et al 1997; Sassone-Corsi and Shaw 2000). Akt-3 is only expressed in the testis ().
Akt is a protein tyrosine kinase that is involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival and motility and is activated by growth factors and hormones. Akt was first identified as a gene for which mutation causes autosomal recessive juvenile polyposis (JPO), an early-onset (usually when the patient is 2 years of age) familial colorectal cancer syndrome with an aggressive form of polyposis that may lead to early mortality (Cariñena et al 2004). During cell metabolism, Akt causes phosphorylation of its substrates, and the pathways that Akt is involved in control the metabolism and growth of cells. Studies have shown that Akt can be activated in response to insulin by interacting with phosphoinositides (Francis et al 1998). Also, it has been reported that Akt can interact with Raf, leading to activation in vitro (Mochizuki et al 1998).
Akt-2 is overexpressed in various cancers and activated in approximately 50% of human cancers (Blume-Jensen et al 1994; Luo et al 1997; Cantera et al 2002; Abu-Duhier et al 2002; Vivanco et al 2002). d2c66b5586