Reaction Mechanism In Organic Chemistry By Mukul C Ray Pdf 234l ((NEW))
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Recently, research on QD solids has attracted interest because one cannot use the as-prepared colloidal QDs for applications requiring electrical transport properties due to the poor inter-dot charge transport mechanism. By interconnecting the QDs together, one can prepare a solid system with the desired absorption and emission properties. It is even possible to prepare an alternative material to silicon by this method. However, the preparation of such QD solid structures is a challenging process and, to the best of our knowledge, only a few reports are available on the successful preparation of QD solid systems, mostly involving inorganic systems such as PbS, CdSe and PbSe31,32,33,34. As far as such QD solid preparation is concerned, different shaped/faceted nanocrystals made up of heavier elements were interconnected with lighter organic/inorganic groups by slow evaporation and ligand exchange processes35. Such inorganic QD solid systems are weakly coupled and sensitive to external parameters such as temperature, thus limiting the effective utilization of the QD solid systems. The strong coupling between QDs is required for the effective usage of QD solid systems in a wide range of applications such as terahertz lasing and quantum computing35, 36. In the present work, we have successfully prepared GQD solid sheet structures of a single-crystalline nature by interconnecting GQDs with metal atoms. Since the basic building block (GQD) is made up of a light element and is of planar dimensions, it was possible to interconnect them through heavier metal atoms, and thus a stronger coupling is established between the GQDs. Oxygen has also played an important role in the interconnection process. The isolated sp2 domains were created in the interconnection process, which in turn helped to retain the quantum behaviour of the individual dots in the solid sheet. As a consequence, a new material system of graphene with a band gap was made possible. In this present paper, we discuss these results in detail.
Arumugam, Selvanathan ; Kaanumalle, Lakshmi S. ; Ramamurthy, V. (2007)A latent photoreaction enhanced upon cyclodextrin encapsulation: photochemistry of α-alkyl dibenzyl ketones in water Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 185 (2-3). pp. 364-370. ISSN 1010-6030
Arumugam, Selvanathan ; Vutukuri, Dharma Rao ; Thayumanavan, S. ; Ramamurthy, V. (2007)A styrene based water soluble polymer as a reaction medium for photodimerization of aromatic hydrocarbons in water Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 185 (2-3). pp. 168-171. ISSN 1010-6030
Basavaiah, Deevi ; Rao, Kalapala Venkateswara ; Reddy, Raju Jannapu (2007)The Baylis-Hillman reaction: a novel source of attraction, opportunities, and challenges in synthetic chemistry Chemical Society Reviews, 36 (10). pp. 1581-1588. ISSN 0306-0012
Janardanan, Deepa ; Sunoj, Raghavan B. (2007)Density functional theory investigations on sulfur ylide promoted cyclopropanation reactions: insights on mechanism and diastereoselection issues Journal of Organic Chemistry, 72 (2). pp. 331-341. ISSN 0022-3263
Koteswara Rao, V. ; Chakrabarti, Sandip ; Natarajan, Srinivasan (2007)Amine-templated open-framework zinc arsenates of varying dimensionalities: synthesis, structure, polymorphism, and transformation reactions Inorganic Chemistry, 46 (25). pp. 10781-10790. ISSN 0020-1669
Horizontal wells combined with successful multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatments are currently the most established method for effectively stimulating and enabling economic development of gas bearing organic-rich shale formations. Fracture cleanup in the Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) is critical to stimulation effectiveness and long-term well performance. However, fluid cleanup is often hampered by formation damage, and post-fracture well performance frequently falls below expectations. A systematic study of the factors that hinder fracture fluid cleanup in shale formations can help optimize fracture treatments and better quantify long term volumes of produced water and gas. Fracture fluid cleanup is a complex process influencedmore by multi-phase flow through porous media (relative permeability hysteresis, capillary pressure etc.), reservoir rock and fluid properties, fracture fluid properties, proppant placement, fracture treatment parameters, and subsequent flowback and field operations. Changing SRV and fracture conductivity as production progresses further adds to the complexity of this problem. Numerical simulation is the best, and most practical approach to investigate such a complicated blend of mechanisms, parameters, their interactions, and subsequent impact on fracture fluid cleanup and well deliverability. In this paper, a 3-dimensional, 2-phase, dual-porosity model was used to investigate the impact of multiphase flow, proppant crushing, proppant diagenesis, shut-in time, reservoir rock compaction, gas slippage, and gas desorption on fracture fluid cleanup, and well performance in Marcellus shale. The research findings have shed light on the factors that substantially constrains efficient fracture fluid cleanup in gas shales, and provided guidelines for improved fracture treatment designs and water management. less
Horizontal wells combined with successful multistage-hydraulic-fracture treatments are currently the most-established method for effectively stimulating and enabling economic development of gas-bearing organic-rich shale formations. Fracture cleanup in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is critical to stimulation effectiveness and long-term well performance. But, fluid cleanup is often hampered by formation damage, and post-fracture well performance frequently falls to less than expectations. A systematic study of the factors that hinder fracture-fluid cleanup in shale formations can help optimize fracture treatments and better quantify long-term volumes of produced water and gas. Fracture-fluid cleanup is a complex process influenced by mutliphase flow through porousmore media (relative permeability hysteresis, capillary pressure), reservoir-rock and -fluid properties, fracture-fluid properties, proppant placement, fracture-treatment parameters, and subsequent flowback and field operations. Changing SRV and fracture conductivity as production progresses further adds to the complexity of this problem. Numerical simulation is the best and most-practical approach to investigate such a complicated blend of mechanisms, parameters, their interactions, and subsequent effect on fracture-fluid cleanup and well deliverability. Here, a 3D, two-phase, dual-porosity model was used to investigate the effect of mutliphase flow, proppant crushing, proppant diagenesis, shut-in time, reservoir-rock compaction, gas slippage, and gas desorption on fracture-fluid cleanup and well performance in Marcellus Shale. Our findings have shed light on the factors that substantially constrain efficient fracture-fluid cleanup in gas shales, and we have provided guidelines for improved fracture-treatment designs and water management. less
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