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On August 30, 1997, Downey quit his WTAM show to focus on pursuing legal action against Howard Stern. Downey had accused Stern of spreading rumors that he had resumed his smoking habit, to which publicist Les Schecter retorted, "He hasn't picked up a cigarette."[30] His replacement was former WERE host Rick Gilmour.[31]

Although many studies have looked at the effectiveness of preventive measures, few have studied universal, population-level strategies. In some cases, however, such as tobacco use prevention and automobile-related injury prevention population-based strategies (e.g., laws) have been used successfully, largely because of recognition of the broad determinants of health. Results of these interventions indicate that, at least in some cases, a population-level strategy or, to use Gordon's classification, a universal measure may be more optimal and cost-effective than interventions targeted further downstream (i.e., at the individual level). Acting on the most upstream level of determinants of health typically means the level of national policy. This may help shift national norms and values that lead to the passage, adoption, and ultimately, success of the respective legislation, as in the case of seat belt legislation, which has steadily and gradually normalized this behavior across America, or tobacco policy, which has curbed the use of tobacco (e.g., through changes in the social landscape of outdoor advertising and sanctions on smoking in the workplace and public places such as restaurants). Alternately, upstream policy interventions may also refer to modifying the broader, social determinants of health such as income (e.g., through the provision of earned income tax credits and minimum wage increases), education, and social connectedness.

In Minnesota, babies born to American Indian mothers, Black or African American mothers, and mothers identifying as "other" race have the highest rates of infant mortality compared to the average for all Minnesota mothers. Additional work is needed to eliminate these inequities and to ensure that all babies in our state have an equitable opportunity for a healthy life. 2b1af7f3a8